Creating the "hello world" component_Vue.js 3 Cookbook-QQ阅读幻言女生网

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Creating the "hello world" component

A Vue application is a combination of various components, bound together and orchestrated by the Vue framework. Knowing how to make your component is important. Each component is like a brick in the wall and needs to be made in a way that, when placed, doesn't end up needing other bricks to be reshaped in different ways around it. We are going to learn how to make a base component, with some important principles that focus on organization and clean code.

Getting ready

The pre-requisite for this recipe is as follows:

Node.js 12+

The Node.js global objects that are required are as follows:

@vue/cli
@vue/cli-service-global

How to do it...

To start our component, we can create our Vue project with Vue CLI as learned in the 'Creating your first project with Vue CLI' recipe in C hapter 2, Introducing TypeScript and the Vue Ecosystem, or start a new one.

To start a new one, open Terminal (macOS or Linux) or Command Prompt/PowerShell (Windows) and execute the following command:

> vue create my-component

The command-line interface (CLI) will ask some questions that will help with the creation of the project. You can use the arrow keys to navigate, the Enter key to continue, and the spacebar to select an option. Choose the default option:

? Please pick a preset: (Use arrow keys)
❯ default (babel, eslint) 
  Manually select features ‌

Let's create our first "hello world" component, following these steps:

Let's create a new file called CurrentTime.vue file in the src/components folder.
On this file, we will start with the <template> part of our component. It will be a shadowed-box card that will display the current date formatted:

<template>
  <div class='cardBox'>
    <div class='container'>
      <h2>Today is:</h2>
      <h3>{{ getCurrentDate }}</h3>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

Now, we need to create the <script> part. We will start with the name property. This will be used when debugging our application with vue-devtools to identify our component and helps the integrated development environment (IDE) too. For the getCurrentDate computed property, we will create a computed property that will return the current date, formatted by the Intl browser function:

<script>
export default {
  name: 'CurrentTime',
  computed: {
    getCurrentDate() {
      const browserLocale =
        navigator.languages && navigator.languages.length
          ? navigator.languages[0]
          : navigator.language;
      const intlDateTime = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(
        browserLocale, 
        {
          year: 'numeric',
          month: 'numeric',
          day: 'numeric',
          hour: 'numeric',
          minute: 'numeric'
        });

      return intlDateTime.format(new Date());
    }
  }
};
</script>

For styling our box, we need to create a style.css file in the src folder, then add the cardBox style to it:

.cardBox {
  box-shadow: 0 5px 10px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  transition: 0.3s linear;
  max-width: 33%;
  border-radius: 3px;
  margin: 20px;
}

.cardBox:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 20px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.cardBox>.container {
  padding: 4px 18px;
}

[class*='col-'] {
  display: inline-block;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  [class*='col-'] {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .cardBox {
    margin: 20px 0;
  }
}

@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  .col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
  .col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
  .col-3 {width: 25%;}
  .col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
  .col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
  .col-6 {width: 50%;}
  .col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
  .col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
  .col-9 {width: 75%;}
  .col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
  .col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
  .col-12 {width: 100%;}
}

@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
  .col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
  .col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
  .col-3 {width: 25%;}
  .col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
  .col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
  .col-6 {width: 50%;}
  .col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
  .col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
  .col-9 {width: 75%;}
  .col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
  .col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
  .col-12 {width: 100%;}
}

@media only screen and (min-width: 992px) {
  .col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
  .col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
  .col-3 {width: 25%;}
  .col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
  .col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
  .col-6 {width: 50%;}
  .col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
  .col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
  .col-9 {width: 75%;}
  .col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
  .col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
  .col-12 {width: 100%;}
}

@media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) {
  .col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
  .col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
  .col-3 {width: 25%;}
  .col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
  .col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
  .col-6 {width: 50%;}
  .col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
  .col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
  .col-9 {width: 75%;}
  .col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
  .col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
  .col-12 {width: 100%;}
}

In the App.vue file, we need to import our component to be able to see it:

<template>
  <div id='app'>
    <current-time />
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import CurrentTime from './components/CurrentTime.vue';

export default {
  name: 'app',
  components: {
    CurrentTime
  }
}
</script>

In the main.js file, we need to import the style.css file to be included in the Vue application:

import Vue from 'vue';
import App from './App.vue';
import './style.css';

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
  render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')

To run the server and see your component, you need to open Terminal (macOS or Linux) or Command Prompt/PowerShell (Windows) and execute the following command:

> npm run serve

Here is your component rendered and running:

How it works...

The Vue component works almost like the Node.js packages. To use it in your code, you need to import the component and then declare it inside the components property on the component you want to use.

Like a wall of bricks, a Vue application is made of components that call and use other components.

For our component, we used the Intl.DateTimeFormat function, a native function, which can be used to format and parse dates to declared locations. To get the local format, we used the navigator global variable.